The Economic Value of Human Life
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This 4 page paper provides an overview of the application of an economic value of human life to public planning. Specifically, this paper considers how a town might assess the economic value of human life and compare it to the cost of changes to a dangerous road. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHVHuLif.rtf

The Economics of Urban Poverty
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The premise that poverty is largely a racial issue is discussed in this 8 page paper. The thesis presented has support from many economists who link race and the proliferation of the welfare state. Solutions to poverty are provided and include decreasing social services while improving educational facilities in poor, urban areas and implementing large scale affirmative action programs. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Urbpov.wps

The Effects of Gang Culture on Juveniles
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A 10 page paper which looks at the effects of gang culture and gang membership on adolescents. The writer considers the social, biological and moral effects on young people who belong to urban gangs, and the reasons why gang membership is attractive to juveniles. Bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: JLgangs.wps

The Emergence of the American City
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This 3 page paper examines the history of the city and how American cities came to fruition. A historic, economic view is taken. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA434cty.rtf

The Fall of Ancient Cities
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6 pages in length. Using the specific examples of Beirut and Cairo, the writer of this paper explores how cities lose their aesthetic value over time. Analytical comments are made regarding how urban areas that were once known for their statutes, monuments and ancient civilizations can not be held in the same light anymore today.. 20th century Beirut is not the Beirut of ancient times and can not be regarded as such.. A detailed explanation follows. No Bibliography, based on handouts/readings.
Filename: Cities.wps

The Fruitvale BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) Transit Village Project
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A 9 page overview of this developmental project. The project is unique in the degree that it addresses overall community needs as opposed to just transit concerns. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPtransit.rtf

The Fruitvale BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) Transit Village Project
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A 10 page overview of this California transit project. The project is unique in the degree that it addresses overall community needs in housing, employment, and access to services and consumer goods as opposed to just addressing transit concerns. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPtransi2.rtf

The Future of Jersey City
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This 3 page paper examines Hudson County, with a focus on Jersey City. Its growth and the future of Jersey City are things discussed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA814JC.rtf

The Global City Defined
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This 5 page paper looks at the global city. Issues concerning globalization are also discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: SA614glo.rtf

The Golden Gate Bridge
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This 5 page paper highlights the construction of the third longest suspension bridge in the world. Sections include an analysis on the building of the bridge from a cultural perspective, a religious and philosophical perspective and concludes with a look at the project from an ethical standpoint. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: GGB.rtf

The Gothic Cathedral
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(5 pp.)Historians in the seventeenth century who looked at this "new" building style, did not initially know how to define it, and in one of those legends in history, someone said - well -" it was built by the Goths" -we should call it "gothic." And the name stuck. Now it is determined to be that style of architecture and art in art from the twelfth through the fifteenth century. Major elements of form include pointed arches, ribbed vaults and often, large areas of stained glass. This discussion will examine this style of architecture and its importance in the period. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BBgothca.doc

The Great Chicago Fire of 1871
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9 pages in length. Perhaps the most popular "whodunit" of American history, the Great Chicago Fire of 1871 spawned a generation of tough citizens who weren't willing to give up their city, even in the face of disaster. Finally, we learn that it wasn't necessarily Mrs. O'Leary's cow who set the blaze.
Filename: Chicfire.wps

The Great San Francisco Earthquake & Fire / What Did We Learn?
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A 5 page examination of the disaster of 1906 in light of modern fire codes, dealing with whether devastation and loss of life could have been lessened with the use of those codes. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Sfearth.wps

The Greek-American Community In Chicago
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6 pages in length. The natural art of food peddling was the primary talent brought over by the Greeks in the mid to late 1800's. Their quest to find a better life and considerable prosperity drew them to Chicago, first arriving as ship captains and then once settled polishing their peddling trade. The continued development of food-related commerce made it an easy transition into the restaurant industry, for which the Greek community is famous. Indeed, one cannot speak of Greek Town without also mentioning the intrinsic connection to delicious food. The writer discusses how the Greek-Americans represent significantly more than just food, explaining how their customs, personal desires and political aspirations served as their ticket to the United States during a time when America symbolized the land of opportunity. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Tlcgreek.wps

The Growth of Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the 19th Century: Industrial, Political, Religious and Social Factors
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This is a 10 page paper discussing Belfast in the 19th century. Belfast, in Northern Ireland, was very much unique in its industrial growth during the 19th century. In fact, from an industrial and prosperous standpoint, Belfast was more aligned with the economical features of the English cities of Manchester and Liverpool during the industrial revolution, than it was with the non-industrialized Irish cities such as Dublin. While Belfast had been increasing in prosperity in the cotton trade, it had to compete with the coal-rich industries located in England. However, in the early 1800s, merchants in Belfast switched to the linen industry which increased dramatically in demand during the American Civil War and the demise of the cotton crops. At this time, the shipbuilding industry in Belfast also increased to the point of becoming the largest shipyards in the world. While Belfast recovered from the famine which devastated most of Ireland more quickly, it nevertheless became the central region of the growing animosity between the Catholic and Protestant populations. When the Act of Union in 1801 ended Irish independent parliamentary control, the Catholics fought for equal governmental representation and the repeal of the Union while the Protestants supported British rule. Belfast because of its size and industrialization was important to England and was economically tied to it but the divisions which grew within the city districts led to Belfast becoming the home of the most violent conflicts between the two factions. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: TJBelft1.rtf

The History Of Olvera Street
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6 pages in length. One of Los Angeles' most culturally colorful landmarks is that of Olvera Street. Transformed in the 1930s more than fifty years after having been named after first County Judge Agustin Olvera, the retailored Olvera Street hardly resembles the modest short lane whose name was Wine Street. The year 1877 was when progress found the tiny concourse by lengthening its span and changing its name. Up until this time, Olvera Street was primarily populated by Hispanic American merchants but was ultimately transformed by a group of white elites into a romanticized projection of colonial Spain. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLColvra.wps

The History of the Greek Community in Chicago
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An 8 page paper that provides an overview of the problems and social elements that surround the emergence of the Greek culture in Chicago and that has supported the prevallence of elements like the Greek Orthodox Church in the United States. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Chicgrek.wps

The Impact of Globalization on U.S. Cities
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This 3 page paper discusses the impact of globalization on U.S. cities and argues that the effects felt in the cities mirror those felt at the national level. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVGloCit.rtf

The Importance of the Business and Voluntary Sector in Urban Regeneration
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This 11 page paper examines the role of local business and voluntary sector in regeneration commenting on their role as investors, as consultants and as business people sitting on the boards of various government and no-governmental organisations. The bibliography cites 15 sources.
Filename: TEregenu.rtf

The InterCounty Connector: The Master Plan of Montgomery County, Maryland
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This 12 page paper considers the goals, strategies and changes over the past 50 years in the plan for developing the InterCounty Connector, a major road project in Montgomery County, Maryland. This paper considers the specific challenges to urban planners and the struggles that have emerged as a result of the conflicts over this project. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHroadp.wps

The K Street Project
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This 4 page paper describes the redevelopment project in downtown Sacramento, California, of which K Street is a part. It also gives a reaction to this and similar projects. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: HVKstret.rtf

The Move to the Suburbs
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A 7 page consideration of the factors that have led to suburban expansion. The author contends that this move was made possible only by the fact that people retained close proximity to the goods and services that they desired and that they were within commuting distance of their jobs. Interestingly, high-technology has transformed the equation as to how these needs are met. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPsuburb.rtf

The Negative Impact of Adult Entertainment Businesses on Communities
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the impact of adult entertainment businesses on communities. Several cities and regions across the United States have used the argument that adult entertainment within a community has a negative impact on that community and its residents and have used this argument to implement ordinances which take into account the negative impact. Communities in which adult entertainment businesses have been established have reported increased crime, increased public health violations, and a decrease in the property value of their homes or businesses among other negative factors. In addition, research studies have found that from a psychological and sociological standpoint individuals also experience an increased fear of crime, vulnerability and a decrease in life satisfaction and sense of control over their lives and community. From a political standpoint, officials must weigh this negative impact with the right of adult entertainment establishments to operate a business in accordance with their overall rights of freedom within the U.S. Constitution. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TJadent1.rtf

The Origins and Distinctions of First Cities from Settlements
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This is a 15 page paper discussing the origin and distinction of the first cities from communities. There are certain elements which distinguish a settlement from a city and it is the discovery of these elements during excavations of ancient sites that anthropologists and sociologists can determine the timeline of the development of cities from communities. The size of the center does not seem to relate to whether the inhabitants lived in a city or a community, but rather it is the structure of the center than matters. Cities differentiate from communities in that they have centralized structures which indicate that they had a central political system for organization. Another important aspect of cities is that they are distinct in the consistency of the type and materials used in the architecture which indicates that the same group of people, specialists and artisans, constructed the buildings which would indicate the presence of a division of labor. Socially, theories of the formation of cities range from the need for a centralized religious, political or authoritarian group or the need for the organization of irrigation in regards to the betterment of the agricultural society. Regardless of their structure and their development cities are also known to be more “organic” in that the people who would not always agree socially or religiously still worked as a whole for the necessity of need for the works and labors of others. Communities were considered more naturally “mechanical” as the people worked together as a whole and remained together because of family or kinship ties in addition to having the same beliefs, rituals and symbols. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TJcitys1.rtf

The Perfect Community
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This 5 page paper describes the characteristics of a perfect community; the term refers to a planned living space. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: HVPerCom.rtf

The Politics of Urban Renewal: Adriaen's Landing
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A 12 page paper which discusses the politics of urban renewal, with emphasis on Adriaen's Landing which is in Hartford, Connecticut. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: RAurbnnew.wps

The Post September 11th Real Estate Market in New York City
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the real estate market in New York City since the terrorist attacks. The commercial market is the focus of the paper but residential real estate is touched on as well. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: SA204NYC.rtf

The Principle Motivation for Undertaking Leisure and Cultural Practices is the Quest for Prestige
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This 6 page paper considers the nature of the pursuit of leisure and cultural practices, including tourism and travel, as they are defined by the desirability of prestige and the desire to maintain a sense of prestige in the modern culture. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: MHleisep.wps

The Problem of Homelessness in American Cities
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This 3 page paper discusses the problem of homelessness in America cities; who it affects; who it involves; and ways in which to address it. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVHmless.rtf

The Problems of Housing Policy in the United Kingdom
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This 10 page paper considers the on-going problems within UK housing polices. The paper includes discussion on the lack of continuity within active policies and the lack of a stakeholder approach that includes the tenants as primary stakeholders. The bibliography cites 9 sources.
Filename: TEhoupol.wps

The Prominent Cultures of Florida
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This 6 page paper provides a comparison between the prominent cultures of Florida and the American culture as a whole. This paper provides a comparative view and integrates views on ethnic heritage, culture and normative behaviors as they compare to the dominant American culture. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHFLrac.wps

The Revitalization of Boston Harbor
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This 3 page paper looks at the development of Boston Harbor at the end of the twentieth century. The issue of water pollution is addressed. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: SA330BH.rtf

The Rise and Fall of Suburbia
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A 5 page book review on "Bourgeois Utopias - The Rise and Fall of Suburbia" by Robert Fishman. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAsuburba.wps

The Rise of the Central Business District & the Importance of Revitalization
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A 5 page overview of the dynamics of the central business district in Midwestern city's. Describes the traditional importance and the decline these districts have experienced in recent years. Describes in specific details the decline and rejuvenation experienced in Paducah, Kentucky. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Cenbusdi.wps

The Role Of Wealthy Families In New York City's History
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New York's wealthy families are highlighted in this 5 page paper which outlines the city's history. Families which were integral to the development of New York City such as the Rockefellers, the Vanderbilts and the Astors are discussed. Their attitudes, as well as their financial endeavors, are noted. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Nycfam.wps

The Root Causes of Britain's Youth Gun Culture:
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This 6 page paper explores the rapid increase in gun violence in Britain. This paper asserts that the causes range from drugs, to minority issues, to social exclusion, and more. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: GSBlkgng.rtf

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE ALI’I IN THE HAWAIIAN KINGDOM
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This 5 page paper discusses the significance of ancient Hawaii's ruling class, the ali'i. Examples, traditions, customs and legends explored. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MBhawaii.rtf

The South Boston Neighborhood 1970-1971
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This 7 page paper provides an overview of the South Boston neighborhood as it is described in the news stories of 1970. This paper considers the issues that were raised, the implementation of bussing and the approaches to addressing suburban development and their impacts on the progression of South Boston. This paper outlines the changes that occurred in 1970, especially as they related to some significant issues and the changing perception of the South Boston neighborhood. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: MHBosto_.wps

The Strengths and Weaknesses of Istanbul as a Tourist Destination
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This 41 page paper provides an overview of the current literature regarding the nature of tourism in Istanbul. This paper applies some theoretical perspectives on the impact of international tourism on the development of tourist centers like Istanbul and the impacts for Turkey in general, and then provides a SWOT analysis of Istanbul as a tourist destination. Bibliography lists 25 sources.
Filename: Mhistan_.wps

The Texas State Fair
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A 4 page overview of the Texas State Fair. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAtxsfr.rtf