Low-Voltage Circuit Design
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A 42 page paper discussing basic designs enroute to devising a project focusing on voice recognition circuitry and control. The intended application is not ultimately intended to be that used for voice-to-text designs, though it could be. Rather, the project focus is more that designed as a security measure, such as that ensuring that the user of a cellular telephone is indeed the subscriber to the cellular service on which that specific telephone's service is billed. Voice recognition can be seen to be approaching a standard in the future. That standard seems to be far in the future, but it likely will be attached to natural language and context sensitivity. In order to be truly useful, it will need to be based on the simplest circuits achievable. Includes 16 figures, bibliography lists 25 sources.
Filename: KSlowVcirc.wps

Newton - - The Theory of Light
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A 5 page research paper exploring theory of light beginning with Sir Isaac Newton's corpuscular theory of light. Essay reflects how this theory was used as the basis for current technology tracing the light and electromagnetic theorists and ending with a quote from Einstein. Bibliography included.
Filename: Lightthe.wps

"The History and Mystery of Lightening"
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A 3 page review of the online article by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This paper outlines the article's content, presents several points of criticism, and concludes with suggestions for improvement. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPlightening.rtf

20th Century Knowledge -- Revolution or Evolution?
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This 5 page report discusses technological and intellectual advances that have taken place in the 20th century and whether or not such an expansion of knowledge has been due to great new ideas suddenly appearing on the intellectual horizon or a technological evolution of ideas that has led to such commonplace realities as photocopy machines, personal computers, and jet travel. It is important to understand that the foundations of any enterprise determine the heights to which it can rise and the breadth to which it can expand. This writer takes the viewpoint that the advancement of knowledge over the past century has been evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWknow20.wps

A Day Without Magnetism
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5 pages in length. A day without magnetism would mean a day without existence, inasmuch as magnets and magnetism are related to virtually every aspect of life. From the smallest particle known to man to the most tremendous man-made structures, magnetism provides the cohesive element required for existence. In essence, a day without magnetism would render the earth and all its inhabitants in immediate peril, because this planet is nothing if not one huge magnet all its own. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCmgnet.wps

Absolute Zero
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This 5 page paper focuses on the concept of absolute zero but explains other principles of thermodynamics. The reason why absolute zero can never be achieved is included as well as a look at implications for the future. How close scientists have been able to come to achieving the coldest temperature on Earth is discussed. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA1420.rtf

Albert Einstein's Contributions To Mathematics
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A 5 page paper that reports Einstein's first three papers that led to a new perception of the universe, from evidence for the existence of molecules and atoms to his general theory of relativity that led to a new understanding of the universe, including space, time, motion and gravity. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGeins.rtf

Albert Einstein: Life and Accomplishments
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This 5 page paper is a brief overview of the man who is perhaps the greatest scientist of the 20th century, Albert Einstein. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVAEnstn.rtf

Alternative Fuel Cars: Alcohol vs. Electric
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A 10 page paper discussing the design, durability and safety of alcohol-powered and electric cars, particularly GM's EV1. As for which is "best," it appears that alcohol-powered vehicles provide a good alternative to gasoline-powered cars for the short term, buying time for further development of the various electric versions that are becoming more common and more affordable. In the long term, however, it is the electric approach that needs to be regarded as "best." Current models are highly limited in their range, but the further development and refinement of the use of fuel cells will give future purchasers greater freedom of movement outside the city limits. Bibliography lists 15 sources in 23 footnotes.
Filename: KSaltFuelCar.wps

An Analysis of the 2002 Lucent Scandal
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This 10 page paper looks at this fiasco that rocked the physics community. One of Lucent's employees was falsifying data. The investigation is discussed, using the actual report, and analyzed on a variety of fronts. Did Lucent act ethically? Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA547Luc.rtf

An Evaluation of the Steady-State Theory
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This 3 page paper compares the steady state theory with the Big Bang theory. This paper is written in question and answer format. The paper concludes with support for Steady-State over Big Bang. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA732SS.rtf

An Exploration of Infrared Light
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An 8 page discussion of infrared as it relates to the color spectrum, astronomical phenomena, gemstone coloration, and even psychology. This paper defines infrared light and describes its importance to mankind and the workings of our universe in general. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPinfraR.rtf

An Exploration of Time and Space in the Realm of Theology
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This 14 page paper uses Moltmann's ideas as a springboard for discussion on issues concerning time and space. The concept of time is defined and explored in depth. Heaven and Earth are also concepts explored. Philosophical, scientific and theological views are included but there is a focus on theology. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: SA210tme.rtf

An Interpretative Essay on Marie Curie
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A 5 page paper which examines the innermost thoughts of the famed French physicist, imagining how she might have recorded them in a journal. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TGmcurie.rtf

Ancient Astronomy
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This 8 page paper examines several ancient astronomers and their contributions. Some original sources are used. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA712ast.rtf

Anders Celsius
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A 4 page discussion of the life and accomplishment of this eighteenth century Swedish astronomer. Celsius has many credits to his name. One of the most often remembered of these is the development of the Celsius temperature scale. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPcelsiu.rtf

Applications of Physics
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A 3 page paper reviewing 3 articles about physics and physical principles. It was Einstein’s position that “God does not play dice.” There has been a sense for a long while that perhaps we know less than we think, a sentiment expressed by many current articles. The purpose here is to review three articles about physics in general. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSphysicsGen.rtf

Arguments Relating to the Existence of God
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This is a 6 page paper discussing the arguments used for the existence of God. The existence of God has long been a topic of philosophy, religion and science and continues to fascinate. Traditional arguments over the existence of God were based on design, ontological, cosmological (first cause), moral, reason or rational issues. Recently, the cosmological issues which relate to science and the big bang theory can lend themselves to arguments for the existence of God within the scientific paradigm which not only includes cause but also relative universe and time factors. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJexGod1.rtf

Astronomical Theories During the Time of Copernicus
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This is a 5 page paper discussing the Copernican theory and the considerations for and against it. During the time of Copernicus in the 16th century, astronomers were faced with the challenge of updating the calendar and the astronomical systems used for navigation because the calendars and methods used for centuries were proving to be inaccurate. To do this astronomers, like Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler, promoting the heliocentric theory had to refute the generally accepted physics of Aristotle which promoted the natural place of bodies resulted in their natural motion and the astronomy of Ptolemy which advocated the geocentric system of planetary motion in which the Earth was the center of the universe. Both theories were accepted by the powerful Catholic Church which believed that the geocentric system was also written in the Scriptures. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TJCoper1.rtf

Baconianism and the Royal Society
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A paper which considers whether or not the Royal Society could be regarded as following Baconian scientific principles and the effect which Bacon had on scientific thought and methodology. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLbacon.rtf

Basic Observations in Astronomy
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A 10 page overview of some of the basic premises of astronomy. Outlines the Big Bang theory and provides a description of Venus, Mars, and the four Jovian planets (Saturn, Pluto, Uranus, and Jupiter) in relation to the Earth and Sun, speculating on such anomalies as Venus’ retrograde rotation. Outlines the methodologies and theories utilized by astronomers such as the Doppler Effect, Wien’s Law, Absorption Spectrum, Stefan-Boltzmann Law, and the Emission Spectrum. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPastron.wps

Bernoulli's Principle
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5 pages in length. Bernoulli's Principle, named after the Swiss Mathematician Daniel Bernoulli, provides the basis upon which air and speed equal pressure. In its most basic form, Bernoulli's Principle is responsible for establishing the inherent relationship between velocity and pressure as they relate to slow-moving air. While other principles address the issues associated with high pressure and force, Bernoulli's Principle asserts that fast moving air creates lower pressure than slow moving air. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCbern.wps

Carolus Linnaeus, Demitri I Mendeleev and Leonhard Euler
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This 5 page paper outlines the work and achievements of these three men that focus on the logical organisation of information and the ability to classify information into logical groups. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEmendel.rtf

Chaos Theory
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An 8 page research paper on chaos theory, fractals, etc;. The beginnings of chaos theory are discussed briefly, citing scientists who initially made discoveries and fostered the study of chaos, e.g., Lorenz, Mandelbrot. Based on the research, a premise is put forth: if order can be found in the most complex systems, then order or patterns can be found in events thought to be without any order (animal stampedes are used as one of several examples). Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Chaos.wps

Chaos Theory
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This 8 page report discusses the fact that, at its core, chaos theory and its direct relationship to physics, since it is the science of physics which determined that all movement can be defined as being determined, random, or chaotic. The concepts as well as the history of how those concepts were reached are presented. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWchaos.rtf

Clutches and Clutch Plate Design
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A 5 page paper describing the structure and function of the automobile clutch and suggesting alternative materials that could be used to increase friction for both racing and street applications. Racing clutch manufacturers already are using a ceramic-metal alloy; the paper proposes eliminating the metal component. A ceramic material also is lighter weight, contributing to reduced stress on the engine’s crankshaft as well as on the transmission’s input shaft. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSclutches.rtf

Cosmology & Significance of Antimatter
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A 4 page research paper that discusses what antimatter is, how it was predicted and discovered and what scientists believe is its significance to Big Bank theory and the origins of the universe. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: khantb2.rtf

Critique Of A Topic In Classical Thermodynamics
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5 pages in length. Classical thermodynamics presents a most intriguing dichotomy with regard to its contemporary definition, in that by the close of the nineteenth century, classical thermodynamics had been reduced to classical mechanics by way of statistical mechanics. Primary to this modification of measurement were the contributions of Sir Isaac Newton, whose Newtonian Mechanics predicted the behavior of such entities as particles, pendulums and machines all the way through the nineteenth century when the new physics began to have its impact. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TLCthrmo.rtf

Designing a Water Pipe System
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This 8 page paper examines the different aspects of water flow that need to be considered when designing a pipe system. These include water flow, velocity, friction loss and pressure as well as pipe material and the need to remember peak demand. The bibliography cites 3 sources.
Filename: TEwtrpip.rtf

Digital Radiography Versus Conventional Radiography
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This 4 page paper compares the use of traditional and digital radiography looking at factors such as effectiveness, efficiently, cost and environmental impact. The bibliography cites 2 sources.
Filename: TEradiograh.rtf

Discovery And Historical Development Of Radiation Oncology
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This 5 page paper is a PowerPoint presentation on the discovery and history development of radiation oncology. The presentation outlines the major developments and events that led to today’s more sophisticated treatments such as IMRT. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEoncology.rtf

Discovery Of The Electron
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3 pages in length. An historic marvel occurred at the turn of the nineteenth century that would once again bring man a better understanding of the world around him. J.J. Thomson's discovery of the electron originated when he found that cathode rays were negatively charged particles, a breakthrough he termed corpuscles, noting how their size was approximately one thousand times smaller than hydrogen atoms. The British physicist further claimed that atomic existence was integrally based upon the existence of these corpuscles, a fact he boldly addressed in 1897. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCelectron.rtf

Earth and Mars
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A 6 page comparison of these two planets. This paper describes the physical origin of the planet and characteristics such as atmosphere, gravity, and temperature. The author comments on the possibility of life as it presents on Mars. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPastronErthMars.rtf

Electrical Engineering Questions
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A 3 page answer to 2 questions: (1) Indicate recent trends and future challenges of these fields: Novel RF Concepts; Ultra High Frequency Integrated Multi-Antenna Wireless Systems; and Fundamentals of Communication Circuits and Systems; and (2) Application of Meso-optics in Photonics. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KSeeQuest.rtf

Energy Concerns
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A 3 page paper which examines elements of energy concerns such as where energy (gas etc.) goes after use and renewable resources. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: RArwen.rtf

Energy: Electricity
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A 3 page paper that answers several questions about energy and electricity. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAeneee.rtf

Engineering Thermodynamics
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A 9 page overview of engineering thermodynamics with coverage of the topics of ideal verses actual gases, energy analysis of open and closed systems, internal combustion engines, gas turbines, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, fluid flow in nozzles and turbomachinery, and heat transfer and heat exchangers. Bibliography lists a number of sources.
Filename: Entherm.wps

Extravehicular Space Suit
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An 8 page paper discussing the components of this highly advanced piece of space equipment. The astronaut’s proximal point of survival during extravehicular activities in space, the extravehicular space suit (ESS) has steadily evolved over the years to the form in which it exists today. The ESS is the complete unit, but it is comprised of several critical, nonnegotiable components. There is no degree of hierarchy outside of the primary life support system; all components are of equal importance to the astronaut when performing extravehicular activities. Life support, communications and protection for the astronauts can be considered to have been perfected. The future direction of ESS evolution likely will be that of reducing bulk and increasing mobility. Includes an appendix of Internet sources of diagrams and photographs. The MLA-style bibliography lists 11 sources and 23 footnotes.
Filename: KSspaceSuit.rtf

FAMOUS NAMES IN ASTRONOMY/ MODERN ERA
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This 3 page paper gives an overview of Dr. Stephen Hawking, and Dr. Henry Norris Russell, two astronomers who have made significant contributions to their field in the modern era. Bibliographpy lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBastron.rtf

Fluid Dynamics / An Overview
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A 10 page overview of fluid dynamics. Includes a discussion on Fluid Statics including Viscousity,Surface Tension, Vapor Pressure, and compressibility as well as other topics which are pertinent to fluid dynamics. Discusses the importance of fluid dynamics in biological and mechanical systems. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Fluiddyn.wps