Antagonistic and Mutualistic Associations: Plants
[ send me this paper ]
Interactions between plants and animals are often categorized as antagonistic or mutualistic. In many ways, this is a fair dichotomy, with the needs of the pair serving each other. The plant needs to be fertilized and the animal can offer that service. The problem arises when the herbivore or human spreads disease through the process of fertilization. Yet, most interactions between plants and humans rely on this mutualistic process. 4 references. jvPlntMA.rtf
Filename: jvPlntMA.rtf

Anthrax and Antibiotics
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper which examines Anthrax and the antibiotics used to kill the bacteria. Anthrax is discussed and broken down in biological terms. Definitions of cutaneous and inhalation Anthrax are briefly provided. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAcipro.rtf

Anthrax and Biological Warfare
[ send me this paper ]
An 11 page overview of the Bacillus anthracis bacteria and its potential for use in biological warfare. Includes a description of the species and its epidemiology and outlines current research on the organism, including the recent development of a vaccine. Emphasizes the importance of the identification of one centralized U.S. Agency who is responsible for responding in the event of biological terrorism. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPanthrx.wps

Antibiotic Resistance
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper discussing the growing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, how is occurs and why it is of such great issue now. Greater awareness in both health care and agriculture can be of immense benefit in at least slowing the rate at which our antibiotics are losing their effectiveness. Bacteria have shown themselves to be highly efficient in adapting to the threat that antibiotics offer. Everyone in health care and agriculture needs to be made aware of the greater problems that can result from the quick fix. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSantiResist.wps

Antifungal Drugs
[ send me this paper ]
A 3 page research paper that contrasts and compares two antifungal medications, terbinafine and ketoconazole. The discussion of these two drugs examines the mechanism of action for each medication, the enzymes involved and the manner in which these drugs are metabolized. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khfungal.rtf

Archeology, Israel, and Human Remains
[ send me this paper ]
A 12 page paper which discusses various aspects concerning the science of excavating human remains, with emphasis on such endeavors in Israel as it relates primarily to first century discoveries. The archeological sites of Qumran and Masada are mentioned. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: RAexcavate.wps

Are There More Than Two Genders?
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page reaction paper provides a response to an article called "The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female are Not Enough" by Fausto-Sterling. The idea that more than two genders actually exist is explored. The paper concludes by calling for a new, equitable paradigm. No additional sources are cited.
Filename: SA133gnr.rtf

Aristotle, Kant & Mill/Responsibility &Punishment
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page research paper that discusses the ethical positions of Aristotle, Kant, and Mills (utilitarianism). In regard to the concepts of responsibility and punishment, the writer discusses what each of these philosophers considered to be the basis on which actions should be judged as ethical. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: khakmeth.rtf

Article Analysis: Evolutionary Biology and Human Health
[ send me this paper ]
This 3 page paper analyzes an article that reports on an October, 2007 conference on human health and evolutionary biology. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: HVEvBiol.rtf

Article Review (Evolution)
[ send me this paper ]
This 3 page paper provides a summary and opinion on an article regarding evolution which appears in the April, 2003 edition of National Geographic. The article is on evolution and new developments in research. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA316man.rtf

Astronomy Research and Extraterrestrial Life
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page overview of man's quest for the discovery of extraterrestrial life. The author outlines some of the criteria that astronomers believe would be necessary for life to exist and emphasizes the importance of ongoing astronomical research. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPextrat.rtf

Aviadenovirus
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page overview of the adenoviruses with a particular emphasis on research concerning aviadenovirus, the adenovirus which infects domestic chickens, ducks, turkey, quail and other species of fowl. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Aviad.wps

Avian Flu 2
[ send me this paper ]
This 10 page paper examines the occurrence and reporting of bird flu cases. The paper starts by looking at the different reports from the World Health Organization and what data is contained in the reports, how it is collected and the barriers to effective collection. The paper then looks at the spread and mortality rate of the disease and trends in the way the disease is spread in different patients, considering age, gender and locations, the paper also looks at the current research. The bibliography cites 2 sources.
Filename: TEbirdflu2.rtf

Avian Influenza
[ send me this paper ]
This 12 page paper examines Avian Influenza, often referred to as ‘bird flu’ focusing on the H5N1 variant that is seen as the most likely A strain variant that could cause a human pandemic. The paper outlines the problem, looks at the condition, including mortality and morbidity, symptoms and clinical progression as well as geographical, seasonal and demographic factors and influences. The paper then considers the current hypotheses concerning avian influenza and looks at the potential sources of information and the current gaps in research. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEbirdflu.rtf

Bacterial Interactions With Plants
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page overview of the effects and interactions of bacteria on plants. Emphasizes that plants are dependent on some of these interactions but are adversely impacted by others. Includes commercial and non-commercial impacts as well as a mention of efforts to commercially capitalize on the interactions of plants and bacteria by producing strains which benefit from the positive microbial interactions and are resistant to the less beneficial interactions. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: Plantbac.wps

Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics: Modern Lessons from Evolutionary Theory
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page discussion of the practical lessons available in evolution which are applicable to our everyday lives. The author contends that evolutionary theory can have direct application in identifying solutions for a number of real world problems, one of the most concerning of which is the recent phenomena of resistance to antibiotics being noted in some species of bacteria. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPbactEv.rtf

Bat Echolocation: The Perception of Distance and Depth Through the use of Sonar
[ send me this paper ]
This 4 page paper provides an overview of the basic elements of bat echolocation as an process that is separate from the auditory and visual receptive capabilities of other mammals. This paper considers the prevalent biological structures and other components of bat physiology that determine the capacity for echolocation, also known as sonar. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: MHbateco.wps

Battling Cytisus scoparius in Oregon
[ send me this paper ]
A 3 page paper discussing the human impact of a noxious weed common in Oregon. Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) was introduced into Oregon for the purpose of controlling erosion, but it led to an even larger problem. C. scoparius now is a noxious weed in Oregon and has been quite successful in surviving efforts to eradicate it. Efforts at biological control were begun in 1997, but so far have not met with great success in slowing the spread of the weed. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: KSbotScBrmOR.rtf

Behavioral Evolution and the Formation of Culture
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page discussion of behavioral evolution and the role of behavioral science in that evolution. Notes that behavioral changes occur over time on both an individual level and a cultural level. Compares these changes with biological evolution through the process of natural selection. Warns that while the intervention of behavioral science may be of positive use in correcting truly aberrant individual behavior, it could be of tremendous adverse impact to cultural evolution as a whole. Encourages cultural self-control and warns against the approach of Westernization and deliberate cultural design and intervention. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPcultE2.wps

Bernd Heinrich
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page paper that investigates this renowned scientist. Bernd Heinrich has an unquenchable interest in all living things. He teaches at the University of Vermont and is also greatly involved in field research of different species. His work is discussed, particularly the work that is reported in two of his books: Mind of the Raven, and The Thermal Warriors: Strategies of Insect Survival. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PGheinr.wps

Bioconversion; Converting Non-Protein to Protein
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page paper considers the existing research that has been undertaken in converting non-protein nitrogen into protein. The bibliography cites 10 sources.
Filename: TEbiocon.rtf

Biodiversity: What it is and Some of the Most Important Hotspots
[ send me this paper ]
9 pages. The wealth of diverse biological life forms is almost beyond what the human mind can conceive. It is interesting to say the least knowing the diversity between one pinch of soil that can contain more than ten billion bacteria, up through to entire regions, or hotspots, that are rife with not only different species but also endangered species, from insects up to the largest of mammals. This paper will focus on some of these hotspots as well as further serve to explain what biodiversity is. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: JGAbiodv.rtf

Bioengineered Foods: Pros and Cons
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page consideration of the plusses and minuses of bioengineered foods. This paper considers those attributes not just from the perspective of human health but also from the perspective of environmental integtity. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: PPgenEngFoodBioethics.rtf

Biological Action of Genetically Altered Bacteria
[ send me this paper ]
A 7 page paper discussing general and specific biosynthesis pathways of genetically engineered bacteria. Bacteria have been used since the 1950s to produce useful - and often critical - compounds. A Merck & Co. researcher used a Lactobacillus lactis assay as a driver for B12 purification and crystallization from Streptomyces griseus, and Japanese researchers discovered that bacteria could produce monosodium glutamate. After the work of Berg, Cohen and Boyer in recombinant DNA, the already-existing industrial application of bacteria-produced compounds grew quickly. Today, genetically altered bacteria produce human insulin, a variety of antibiotics and perform environmental cleanup functions. The paper describes the biological action of a number of these processes. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: KSbactEnz.wps

Biological Determinism / Our Actions Are Determined by Biology
[ send me this paper ]
A 17 page discussion of the role of genetics in determining behavior. Emphasizes that our actions and behaviors are essentially an interplay of genetics and societal factors but acknowledges that the genetic predisposition for certain behaviors is definite and difficult to overcome. Relies extensively on the ideas presented in Richard Dawkin's The Selfish Gene but backs these ideas up with actual research examples. Uses the counter examples of research indicating that homosexuality is a genetic condition and that research which shows that gender roles are shaped by the environment. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: Biodeter.wps

Biology and Language
[ send me this paper ]
This 7 page report discusses human biology and human language and the ways in which language has evolved in human beings and the biological foundations of such evolution. The argument being presented is that human language is unique in virtually all characteristics and must be seen as part of the advanced development of human cognition and the social nature of the species. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWbiolng.rtf

Biology Article Summary: Coral Reefs
[ send me this paper ]
3 pages in length. Martin Downs, author of "Keeper Of The Reefs: How Do You Save A Wilderness That Most People Will Never See" in the Spring, 2004 issue of OnEarth, discusses the detrimental impact man's actions have had upon coral reefs around the world. Citing such occurrences as overfishing, global warming and human activity, Downs (2004) correlates these influences in terms of the percentage of coral reefs destroyed worldwide. Hundreds of millions of years of oceanic history teeter on the verge of permanent extinction because of the detrimental effects these occurrences have had upon coral reefs, a global population that is fighting for its very existence. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCBioCoral.rtf

Biology Lab / Observations of Fish Gill Movement
[ send me this paper ]
Approximately 4 pages in length. Paper reports on a basic (biology) laboratory experiment. Writer hypothesizes that fish gill movement will increase when water temperature does same. It is concluded that varying water temperature does have an effect on percular movements and breathing patterns of (gold)fish. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: Fishlab.wps

Biology Questions
[ send me this paper ]
5 pages. This question and answer series touches on several topics including birth control, genital herpes, circumcision, and hermaphrodites. These are very interesting and pertinent subjects which affect many people today. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JAbiolgy.rtf

Biology: Mitochondria And Chloroplasts
[ send me this paper ]
3 pages in length. The writer briefly discusses processes of the electron transport system and chemiosmotic coupling with regards to oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and chloroplasts. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TLCMitoClor.rtf

Biopsychology
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page paper discusses the field of biopsychology, as well as the connection between it and ADD. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVBioPsy.rtf

Bioremediation And The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page paper. The Exxon Valdez spilled 11 millions of oil that eventually stretched for 1,300 miles along the west coast of Alaska. The process used to clean up the shoreline was bioremediation. By introducing specific microorganisms, growth of natural bacteria that eat hydrocarbons is enhanced. This essay discusses and describes the process that was used after this oil spill. It also discusses what happens to marine life after an oil spill. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PGbiore.wps

Bioremediation: A Review of One Article Detailing the Attributes of Geobacter Bacteria
[ send me this paper ]
A 3 page review of a December 2003 interview of Dr. Barbara Methe, the collaborative investigator at the Institute for Genomic Research in Rockville, Maryland, and Dr. Derek Lovely, the head of the University of Massachusetts (Amherst) microbiology department. These researchers clarify the benefits of using bacteria, especially the Geobacter bacteria, in the cleanup of hazardous waste. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPhazSp2.rtf

Biotechnology; The Human Genome Project
[ send me this paper ]
This 32 page paper considers the Human Genome Project, paying particular attention to the role that computer technology has played through its existence. The paper looks at the background and then discusses aspects of sequencing in more detail. The paper considers the progress made along with that yet to be made, and cites examples of the applications of the findings and the progress of the project. The projects progress is also compared to other genome projects for other species. The bibliography cites 26 sources.
Filename: TEhumgen.wps

Bioterrorism and Public Health
[ send me this paper ]
A 7 page paper exploring the topic of biological warfare. Emphasizes the vulnerability of the United States, noting that with the collapse of the Cold War we now have many small enemies in place of the one large enemy. Describes biological warfare as being widely available, as a poor man’s weapon. Stresses the importance of establishing a central agency to handle biological terrorism on a national level. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPbioTer.wps

Bird Beak Morphology and Precipitation
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page discussion of the relationship that exists between beak morphology of four specific species of finches in the Galapagos Islands and precipitation. The author links ancient climatological trends with finch evolution and ties existing patterns in biodiversity with contemporary climatological trends. Includes a graph illustrating this association. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPfinchB.rtf

Birds / The Mallard
[ send me this paper ]
A comprehensive 4 page report on the mallard, a bird from the Anatidae family of the order Anseriformes. Dynamics, geography, breeding, eating, and so forth ,-- are among the many aspects discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Mallard.wps

Bladder Cancer Cell
[ send me this paper ]
A 7 page research paper that examines specific functions and characteristics of these cell. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: khblccel.rtf

Body temperature regulation
[ send me this paper ]
A five page paper which looks at the way in which warm-blooded creatures, especially human beings, utilise complex physiological mechanisms in order to maintain their body temperature within a comparatively narrow optimum range. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JLbodytemp.rtf

Book Annotations/Reviews
[ send me this paper ]
A 14 page paper which annotates/reviews 5 different books. The books reviewed are “The Disciplined Mind- Beyond Facts and Standardized Tests” by Howard Gardner, “The New Brain” by Richard Restak, “The Scientist in the Crib” by Gopnik, Meltzoff and Kuhl, “The Learning Brain- Lessons for Education” by Sarah-Jayne Blakemore and Uta Frith and “The Creating Brain” by Nancy. C. Andreasen. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAmndbrn.rtf