Orca Whales: An Overview of the Natural History of Killer Whales
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A 5 page discussion of killer whale migratory and predation patterns. Identifies three separate cultures of killer whales: resident, transient and pelagic. Discusses the behavioral and phylogenetic differences in each. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPorca.wps

Are Pesticides More Dangerous To Reproduction When Found in Pairs?
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A 4 page critique of an article reporting a possible synergistic effect of certain chemicals on mammalian reproduction. Bibliography lists two sources.
Filename: Bioa.wps

Rodents / Life History and Control
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An 11 page overview of the order Rodentia with particular emphasis on their role in disease transmission and the consequent need for control. Discusses pesticides and the need for alternative management measures which have fewer adverse impacts to non-targeted species. Bibliography included.
Filename: Rodentia.wps

The Biology of and Current Research in Termites (Isoptera)
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A 13 page paper discussing termites from ecological and research perspectives. Ubiquitous creatures, termites are found literally all over the world except in its coldest regions—Alaska is the only state of the Union without some form of known termite activity. There had been surprisingly little research done until only the last several years, but the path of that research has differed from that of other disciplines in that nearly all of it has pointed and specific purpose, and not all of that in control measures. Only about 10 percent of the world's more than 2,700 species are destructive. One that is causing the 'Second Battle of New Orleans,' the Formosan termite, is attracting the attention even of the US Congress. Much current research is centered on alternative uses for termites, such as decomposers in municipal landfills and as supplementary livestock feed. Bibliography lists 21 sources.
Filename: Termite.wps

Carnivorous Plants
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An 11 page overview of the ecologies of carnivorous plants such as Pitcher Plants and Venus Fly Traps. Provides specific information regarding habitats and the factors which influence those habitats. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPcarniv.wps

Constructed Wetlands in Wastewater Treatment: Design and Monitoring Considerations
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A 9 page overview of the use of constructed wetlands in the receipt and treatment of domestic wastewater. Outlines the design considerations which must be considered prior to construction and operational and monitoring considerations which ensure the ongoing success of a project. Includes a sample of specific design and performance information for an operational wastewater to wetlands operation in Manila. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPwetWst.wps

Howler Monkeys
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10 pages in length. Howler monkeys face an uncertain future with regard to species survival. The tree-dwelling, fruit-eating primates who are indigenous to Central and South America make their home far within the rain forest, where they have been met with significant hardship and population decline on account of mankind's ongoing deforestation and logging pursuits. With little if any regard for the life forms that comprise the forest's diversity, man is slowly but surely sealing the coffin on a number of animal species as he continues to demolish their delicate living area, and the howler monkey is just one whose existence is threatened. People like ethologist Robert Horwich have set in motion conservation efforts that will aid the species' eventual survival. The writer discusses deforestation, logging and conservation efforts in relation to the howler monkey. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: TLChowlr.wps

Richard Dawkins/ The Selfish Gene
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A 10 page analysis of biologists Richard Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene in which Dawkins proposes a theory of natural selection that encompasses all human behavior. This theory maintains that the process of natural selection actually works at the level of the gene. Dawkins is, above all else, a Darwinist and the basis for his theory is really quite elegant in its simplicity. Life's complex evolutionary path can be accounted for, according to Dawkins, by simply examining the ways in which genes preserve their own existence by promoting behaviors and characteristics that increase their chances of survival into the next generation. No additional sources cited.
Filename: 90slfish.rtf

Evolution and Creationism
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A 16 page paper discussing the strengths and weakness of the views of the creationists and the evolutionists. While evolutionists present a single group, creationists come adhering to all manner of ideas and theories. The most vocal group are the young-earth creationists, who maintain the earth likely is 6,000 years old and certainly no more than 10,000. Regardless of the unwillingness of this group to accept evolutionary theory as plausible or even as fact, there are other creationist groups who do, who even embrace evolution as a sign of God's involvement in progressive creation. The paper examines each side's strengths, weaknesses, conflicts and evidence. Bibliography lists 16 sources.
Filename: KSevolution15.wps

Florida's Coral Reefs: The Role of the Sugar Industry and Wetland Treatment
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A 6 page discussion of the importance of Florida's coral reefs and the factors adversely impacting them. Identifies the sugar industry as the primary culprit in this decline and recommends the use of man made wetlands to treat their agricultural effluent. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPcoralF.wps

Acid Rain: Effects on the Environment and Man
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A 5 page overview of the phenomenon of acid rain. Describes the phenomenon from a chemical standpoint emphasizing the role of sulfuric acid, chlorofluorocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and nitric acid. Relates the impacts which acid rain can have on the environment and on man. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPacdRn2.wps

"Dr. Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation" by Olivia Judson
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A 5 page book report on "Dr. Tatiana's Sex Advice to All Creation" by Olivia Judson. No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAsexjud.rtf

"Origin of the Species": An Analysis of the Theories of Charles Darwin
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A 5 page discussion of the concepts of natural selection. Details Darwin's theories in regard to fitness and adaptation to an ecological niche. Emphasizes that much of Darwin's work is supported by a volume of contemporary scientific information. Concludes that while evolution is not a phenomena which can be precisely detailed, and is instead only a process which is recorded in bits and pieces, it is a process for which the preponderance of scientific information is in support. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPdarwi2.wps

(A) History of Biology
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A general, 5 page overview of the history of biology. Discusses key developments and important discoveries. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Biolhist.wps

20th Century Knowledge -- Revolution or Evolution?
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This 5 page report discusses technological and intellectual advances that have taken place in the 20th century and whether or not such an expansion of knowledge has been due to great new ideas suddenly appearing on the intellectual horizon or a technological evolution of ideas that has led to such commonplace realities as photocopy machines, personal computers, and jet travel. It is important to understand that the foundations of any enterprise determine the heights to which it can rise and the breadth to which it can expand. This writer takes the viewpoint that the advancement of knowledge over the past century has been evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BWknow20.wps

5 Biology Questions
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6 pages in length. The writer discusses various genetics issues as they relate to plant organisms. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLC5_bio.wps

A Comparison between Photosynthesis and Respiration
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This 5 page paper compares and contrasts the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. The writer explains both of the processes before making the comparison. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEphotos.wps

A History Of The Science Of Biology
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A 5 page overview of the major developments in the biological sciences beginning in 500 BC and continuing at approximately 500 year intervals up till the present. Outlines major players and obstacles. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Biohist.wps

A Look at Different Ideas About the Human Mind, Evolution and Culture
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This 4 page paper compares and contrasts Ian Steward and Jack Cohen's Figments of Reality with Diamond's Guns, Germs and Steel. Ideas about evolution, the mind and culture and how it interrelates are discussed. No additional sources cited.
Filename: SA309evo.rtf

Acid Tolerance in Streptococcus mutans
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A 14 page discussion of the physiological mechanism employed by this species of oral bacteria which allow it to exist in the rapidly fluctuating pH levels of the human mouth. The author details how the cellular membrane of the organism is critical in this process, selectively allowing protons to pass out of the cell and preventing them from passing into the cell. This ability allows S. mutans a selective advantage. Acidogenicity (the ability to generate acid) and acidurance (the ability to function in an acidic environment) are the primary physiological traits of this organism which make it such an important factor in the production of dental caries as well. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPstrept.rtf

Acritarch Radiation in The Neoproterozoic
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This page paper looks at the evolution of the acritarch as evidenced by the fossil record and seeks to explain the sudden changes that took place over a period of fifteen million years during the Neoproterozoic, which long lasting implications into the Cambrian period. The bibliography cites 6 sources.
Filename: TEacritar.rtf

African Sleeping Sickness
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A 5 page overview of African Sleeping Sickness and the Organisms that cause it. The author discusses the manner in which the disease is transmitted, its impact to the body, symptoms and treatment. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPslpSi2.rtf

Ageing
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An overview of the phenomenon of ageing from a biochemical perspective, looking at the programmed and random damage theories and the ways in which these might be approached in order to take into account both genetic and stochastic causes of ageing. Bibliography lists 5 sources
Filename: JLageing.rtf

Alfalfa and 'Yellow Rocket' (Barbarea vulgaris)
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This 6 page report discusses the interaction between alfalfa crops and a common weed. The weed chosen for examination is Barbarea vulgaris, most commonly known as 'yellow rocket.' Yellow rocket is usually biennial or perennial with some plants flowering, setting seed and dying after their first growing season; reproducing only by seed but the seeds are notable for their ability to germinate with minimal soil requirements. Yellow rocket and other weeds reduce alfalfa production during establishment by competing with and choking out young alfalfa seedlings, invade established alfalfa fields, and reducing forage quality and yield. Several aspects of intervention and eradication are discussed. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: BWalfalf.rtf

Altered States of Consciousness and Hypnosis
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This 10 page report discusses hypnosis and the altered state of consciousness it produces. While the term “hypnosis” often carries a certain number of negative connotations that do not truly convey the beneficial and physiological relation response that is the legitimate hypnotic response, many people are still hesitant about the concept in general. The simple fact is that hypnosis is not a form of mind control and is not the will of one person being exerted over another. Health professionals, mental health counselors, even sports performance consultants advocate hypnosis as a form of stress reduction, pain management and personal performance enhancement. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: BWhypno.wps

An Evaluation Of The Use Of Immunological Techniques
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This 12 page paper examines the use of Immunological Techniques, specifically ELISAs and RIAs. The paper starts by considering the detection of the antibody, the antiserum or the antibody used to detect the antigen, the way that the bound antibody and antigen can be separated from the unbound reactants if there is the use of a heterogeneous assay and the detection method. The bibliography cites 12 sources.
Filename: TEimmtech.rtf

An Overview of Darwinism, Social Darwinism, and Industrial Progress
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A 6 page paper which examines the concepts of Darwinism and Social Darwinism in terms of how they relate to industrial progress. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TGdarprog.rtf

An Overview of the Applications of Hydroponics
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A 10 page discussion of the value of hydroponics in the modern world. The author outlines the problems of our modern lifestyle which have necessitated the use of such alternatives in both agriculture and plant research designed to produce plants which qualities which better allow them to fill our need for particular products. Passive forms of hydroponics are distinguished from active hydroponics and an overview of the key features of each approach is provided along with a brief review of the primary nutrients a plant needs to grow and how each nutrient functions in that growth. Bibliography lists 13 sources.
Filename: PPplntHy.rtf

An Overview of the Tidepool Hermit Crab
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This 6 page paper provides an overview of this type of hermit crab that lives in the water. This species is discussed in depth. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA316crb.rtf

Analysis of Research in Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
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A 29 page paper discussing current research in LGMD, much of which has moved beyond the realm of theory and elementary discovery into that area that enables researchers to create accurate and workable syntheses of mechanisms and pathways that exist. Though research is not required to provide definitive answers in order to be considered valid, arrival at those definitive answers is greatly more gratifying for researchers and clinicians, and certainly provides hope for patients. A review of current research and normal function does provide insight into the reasons for researchers' thinly veiled glee over the rapidity of emerging facts that can be translated into clinical results, including the advent of the first clinical trials for gene therapy. Bibliography lists 14 sources.
Filename: KSLimbGMD27.wps

Anamorphic Phylum: A View of Aspergillus
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of the Anamorphic Phylum, the phylum that contains aspergillus, saccardoan and other fungi. This paper provides an overview of the central background and function of this fungus species. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MHAsperg.wps

ANIMAL USE AND CONSUMPTION
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This 3 page paper discusses the use of animals, in particular, Roosters, for the benefit of mankind, especially when the use is non-food related. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MBrooster.rtf

Animals and Earthquakes
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7 pages. An interesting paper reporting on the connection between animals and earthquakes. Can animals actually predict earthquakes days before the fact? And if so, how? There are many reports of animals behaving strangely just days before a major earthquake which causes many scientists to believe that the animals can actually predict what is going to happen. If this is the case, an interesting question is raised: is there a way we could use animals’ abilities to give us early warning of earthquakes? Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAequke.wps

Animals by Design
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This 10 page paper discusses a new animal, the Sahara Cat, that has the ability to save human life. (The Sahara Cat does not really exist). Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: HVNewCat.rtf

Annotated Bibliography for Human Genome Research Paper:
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5 pages in length. Gives a four sentence synopsis of ten of the 15 books in the bibliography of the paper.
Filename: JGAgnbib.wps

Antagonistic and Mutualistic Associations: Plants
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Interactions between plants and animals are often categorized as antagonistic or mutualistic. In many ways, this is a fair dichotomy, with the needs of the pair serving each other. The plant needs to be fertilized and the animal can offer that service. The problem arises when the herbivore or human spreads disease through the process of fertilization. Yet, most interactions between plants and humans rely on this mutualistic process. 4 references. jvPlntMA.rtf
Filename: jvPlntMA.rtf

Anthrax and Antibiotics
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A 5 page paper which examines Anthrax and the antibiotics used to kill the bacteria. Anthrax is discussed and broken down in biological terms. Definitions of cutaneous and inhalation Anthrax are briefly provided. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAcipro.rtf

Anthrax and Biological Warfare
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An 11 page overview of the Bacillus anthracis bacteria and its potential for use in biological warfare. Includes a description of the species and its epidemiology and outlines current research on the organism, including the recent development of a vaccine. Emphasizes the importance of the identification of one centralized U.S. Agency who is responsible for responding in the event of biological terrorism. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPanthrx.wps

Antibiotic Resistance
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A 5 page paper discussing the growing problem of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, how is occurs and why it is of such great issue now. Greater awareness in both health care and agriculture can be of immense benefit in at least slowing the rate at which our antibiotics are losing their effectiveness. Bacteria have shown themselves to be highly efficient in adapting to the threat that antibiotics offer. Everyone in health care and agriculture needs to be made aware of the greater problems that can result from the quick fix. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: KSantiResist.wps

Antifungal Drugs
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A 3 page research paper that contrasts and compares two antifungal medications, terbinafine and ketoconazole. The discussion of these two drugs examines the mechanism of action for each medication, the enzymes involved and the manner in which these drugs are metabolized. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: khfungal.rtf