Cadmium and the Environment
[ send me this paper ]
This 11 page paper provides an overview of cadmium, what it is, where it is found and how it affects the health of human beings. Some animal studies are cited which speculates about additional implications. Practical information is also given on how people can protect themselves from this natural menace. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: SA144cad.rtf

Can Humans Control Nature?
[ send me this paper ]
This 3 page paper uses Natural Selection by Charles Darwin and The Enchiridion by Epictetus as a framework to answer the question, Can humans control nature? Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVHumNat.rtf

Canine Hip Dysplasia
[ send me this paper ]
6 pages in length. Canine hip dysplasia is a condition that can strike any dog but is significantly more prevalent in a handful of breeds, such as the golden retriever, German shepherds, Labradors and Rottweilers. Dogs afflicted with the genetically-induced joint problem experience excruciating pain in their hind end as the hip sockets become deformed and improperly aligned. The writer discusses etiology and treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCdyspl.wps

Canine Oral Spirochetes
[ send me this paper ]
A 12 page overview of canine oral spirochetes, concentrating on Treponema denticola, Treponemapectinovorum, and Treponema maltophilum. Notes that although oral microflora cannot be held solely responsible for the presence or absence of periodontal disease and associated conditions, thesemicroflora do manifest differently in healthy verses diseased tissue. This observation is true both in the species which are present and in what concentrations they are present. Suggests laboratory methodologyfor qualifying and quantifying their presence, as well as linking thatpresence to periodontal disease. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPspiroc.wps

Carbenes And Nitrenes In Organic Chemistry
[ send me this paper ]
4 pages in length. The basic composition of carbenes is such that as electron deficient molecular species, their uncharged state plays an integral role in containing a sextet of electrons that surround a divalent carbon atom. By comparison, nitrenes - uncharged electron deficient molecular species as well - harbor a sextet of electrons that surround a monovalent nitrogen atom. Single state is presented as electrophilic character, trigonal planar geometry, while triple state is diradical-like in nature, linear geometry (Wieder, no date). For nitrene insertion to occur, chiral alkane concentration is separate from observed rotation. Triplet nitrene is formed in greater measure when chiral alkane concentration is under one-hundred percent; this occurs, however, to the detriment of initially produced singlet nitrene. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TLCorgchem.rtf

Carbon Copies - The Controversial Question of Animal Cloning
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper that explains the process of nuclear transfer, or non-transgenic cloning, and how this process is currently being used on animal subjects. Also discussed are the controversy that surrounds this issue and the questions this procedure presents in the areas of humanity, ethics, and necessity. Arguments presented by both advocates and opposition are included. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: LCClone.doc

Cardiac Action Potential
[ send me this paper ]
A 9 page discussion of the importance of cardiac action potential. The author describes the physiological function of cardiac action potential and emphasizes that it can be impacted by a number of factors such as individual genetics, drugs, and conditions such as diabetes. Bibliography lists 9 sources.
Filename: PPcrdAct.rtf

Cardiovascular System
[ send me this paper ]
A 3 page research paper that describes heart anatomy and the circulatory system. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: khcarsy2.rtf

Care and Maintenance of a Koi Pond
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page paper which examines how to care for and maintain a Koi pond. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAkoi.rtf

Career : Physiologist
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page paper that gives a brief explanation of what a physiologist does. The essay reports the education needed, working places, salary ranges and outlook for this profession. The paper also discusses the student's scores on a survey emphasizing multiple intelligences and another one emphasizing personality. Tips for studying, time management and stress management are included. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PGphyso9.rtf

Carl Sagan's 'The Demon-Haunted World -- Science As A Candle In The Dark'
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page paper in which the writer provides an overview of Sagan's book. Demon-Haunted World challenges many of theories formed from developments in science and technology regarding space travel and the presence of life from other worlds. The paper contends that Sagan's challenging of current scientific myths supports his theory that increases in science and technology have developed into a social focus. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Carls.wps

Carlsbad Caverns
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page paper that presents an overview of the geological and geographical structure of Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico. This paper recognizes the fragile states of this natural wonder, and presents and overview of the impact of the human element on the natural mineral structures created within the caves. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: Carlsbad.wps

Carolus Linnaeus, Demitri I Mendeleev and Leonhard Euler
[ send me this paper ]
This 5 page paper outlines the work and achievements of these three men that focus on the logical organisation of information and the ability to classify information into logical groups. The bibliography cites 4 sources.
Filename: TEmendel.rtf

Catalase -- The Enzyme
[ send me this paper ]
A 6 page overview of the enzyme catalase, its function in both the living organism and as an isolated form in commercial applications. Bibliography lists four sources.
Filename: Catalase.wps

Catastrophism and the Extinction of the Dinosaurs
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page discussion of the events which resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs. Suggests that a meteoric impact with the earth set in motion a series of environmental events which ultimately translated into dinosaur extinction. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: PPdinoC2.wps

Catecholamine Secretion
[ send me this paper ]
A page overview of the complexity of mechanisms involved in the secretion of catecholamine hormones such as epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline). This paper emphasizes the importance of the chromaffin cells of the the adrenal medulla. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: PPchroma.rtf

Causal Analysis of Race for Gene Patenting
[ send me this paper ]
5 pages in length. This paper is a causal analysis for a paper concerning human genome patenting. In it, the controversy is clearly stated along with a strong thesis regarding what the most significant causes of the problem are. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: JGAhgnme.wps

Cavity Wall Tie Failure
[ send me this paper ]
This 20 page paper looks at this specific engineering problem. A history of the problem is included. Various companies providing solutions are discussed as well as the specific resolutions. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: SA327tie.rtf

Cell Biology / Article Reviews
[ send me this paper ]
Contains two reviews of articles relevant to cell biology- each one is 2 pages in length (4 pages total for this file) and contains the writer's own personal reaction. Citations are : Rowe, Paul M. (1994). Cell death according to plan. The Lancet, 344 (8925), 812 -&- Cohen, Jon. (1994). 'Long PCR leaps into larger DNA sequences.' Science, 263 (5153), 1564-1565.
Filename: Biolarti.wps

Cell Biology / Essay Answers
[ send me this paper ]
7 pages worth of responses to several very-detailed and comprehensive questions in cell biology. Please write to us for more information. No Bibliography.
Filename: Biolexam.wps

Cell Structure
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page overview of cellular structure. Defines a cell and distinguishes between plant and animal cells. List the major cellular components and describes their structure and function. Includes a Roman Numeral outline. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPcellSt.wps

Cellular Transport of the Enzyme Rubisco
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page discussion of the function of the enzyme rubisco in regard to its importance in plant photosynthesis. The author describes the enzyme, detailing a molecular composition which enables it to interact with and be impacted by environmental constituents such as heat, carbon dioxide, and inactive rubisco. This same molecular composition plays an important role in the binding process which allows the enzyme to be transported throughout plant tissue. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPenzRub.rtf

Centrifugal And Coriolis Forces
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page overview of the two forces and their interaction. Centrifugal force is that fictitious force that imparts a general feeling of weightlessness for astronauts and is also the force by which washing machines extract excess water from wet clothes. The Coriolis effect holds that an object which moves in a straight line above the surface of the Earth (and not parallel to the equator) will appear to curve because the Earth is turning under it. Together, both are important for space travel. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Coriolis.wps

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
[ send me this paper ]
This 10 page paper deals with the history, development and applications for cerebral angiography. Technical procedures are exampled and quotes given from leading medical sources. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: MBbrain.rtf

Cesium
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page overview of Cesium. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: RAcesum.rtf

Chaetognatha (Arrow Worms)
[ send me this paper ]
A 3 page morphological and ecological description of arrow worms. These organisms have evolved to have several advantages in their chosen habitats. They are important not just as predators but as a food source for higher organisms and as host species for various parasites. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPwormsA.rtf

Chalmers' Theory-Dependence Of Observation
[ send me this paper ]
5 pages in length. Science, solidly entrenched in undeniable substantiation, is the epitome of tangible thought; without benefit of concrete evidence, simple conjecture is all exists in the ongoing quest for knowledge. Thus, according to Chalmers' (1976) Theory-Dependence of Observation is the foundation upon which scientific knowledge is formulated; without empirical replication, science would have no way of evolving from observation to unmitigated proof. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: TLCChalmers.rtf

Chameleons: Phylogeny, Taxonomy, and Ecology
[ send me this paper ]
A 5 page overview of the group of animals we know as chameleons. The author provides a specific phylogenetic classification of these animals from Kingdom to Species, noting the similarities in evolutionary pattern with other vertebrates and distinguishing the chameleon from other lizards on the basis of key taxonomic criteria. A discussion of the ecology of the group as a whole is presented as is a brief notation on the endangered status of one specific example of this group, Chamaeleo belalandaensis. A detailed explanation of how and why the chameleon changes color is included as well. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPchamel.rtf

Changes in Funding for Scientific Research Between the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
[ send me this paper ]
This 8 page paper examines the ways in which research had been funded prior to the twentieth century. Changes throughout the twentieth century around war time as well as afterwards are noted as important developments. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: SA419sci.rtf

Chaos Theory
[ send me this paper ]
An 8 page research paper on chaos theory, fractals, etc;. The beginnings of chaos theory are discussed briefly, citing scientists who initially made discoveries and fostered the study of chaos, e.g., Lorenz, Mandelbrot. Based on the research, a premise is put forth: if order can be found in the most complex systems, then order or patterns can be found in events thought to be without any order (animal stampedes are used as one of several examples). Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: Chaos.wps

Chaos Theory
[ send me this paper ]
This 8 page report discusses the fact that, at its core, chaos theory and its direct relationship to physics, since it is the science of physics which determined that all movement can be defined as being determined, random, or chaotic. The concepts as well as the history of how those concepts were reached are presented. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: BWchaos.rtf

Chapter 14 of Origins of Species by Darwin
[ send me this paper ]
A 3 page paper which summarizes chapter 14 of Charles Darwin’s “Origin of Species.” No additional sources cited.
Filename: RAdrwn14.rtf

Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution
[ send me this paper ]
A 10 page consideration of the theory of evolution and our current knowledge regarding the origin of life. Outlines Darwin's theories and the natural history information which led to those theories and provides a brief outline of the chemical basis for the origin of life. Bibliography lists 11 sources.
Filename: PPevolut.rtf

Charles Darwin’s “The Origins of Species”
[ send me this paper ]
A 2 1/2 page paper which examines Charles Darwin’s “The Origins of Species.” Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: RAdarwn.rtf

Chemistry of Boron
[ send me this paper ]
A 4 page research paper that discusses the chemistry of boron. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: khboron.rtf

Chemistry Of The Halogen Group
[ send me this paper ]
5 pages in length. The halogen group is comprised of astatine, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, all of which are nonmetals and form a portion of the periodic system's seventh primary group. The word halogen, which equates to salt producer, is indicative of myriad sea salt compounds, as well as common table salt in the form of sodium chloride. The collective group of halogens possesses a strong, unpleasant odor and has the capacity to burn right through living body tissue; their capacity to dissolve in water is quite poor. Weight fluctuates quite significantly between and among the gases, with fluorine being the lightest and astatine the heaviest. Their atomic weights reflect fluorine, 18.9984; chlorine, 35.453; bromine, 79.909; iodine, 126.905; and astatine, 210. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLChlogn.wps

Chicago Archaeological Dig
[ send me this paper ]
This 4 page paper discusses a theoretical archaeological dig in Chicago in 3007, and how the archaeologists might date the artifacts they find there. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: HVChiDig.rtf

Chlorine
[ send me this paper ]
This 3 page paper discusses the element chlorine. Bibliography lists 3 sources
Filename: HVChlori.rtf

Chlorine and Bleach
[ send me this paper ]
This 4 page report discusses the properties of the element chlorine and how and why it is used in common bleach and disinfectant applications. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: BWbleach.rtf

Chlorine Gas
[ send me this paper ]
6 pages in length. Chlorine – Atomic symbol of Cl with its distinguishable greenish-yellow color and 'swimming pool' odor – is both a highly toxic substance that kills in a very short time or a completely harmless chemical compound used to season food, depending upon its form and the secondary element with which it is mixed. When combined with sodium, chlorine becomes NaCl – or table salt – but at room temperature in its concentrated form, the gas emitted is so lethal that people within proximity will die from exposure. Used most commonly as a household cleaner and disinfectant (chlorine bleach) and swimming pool decontaminator, chlorine is drawn from the dissolved salt in seawater by way of an electric current running through the NaCl known as electrolysis. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
Filename: TLCChlorine.rtf