A Comparison of Appalachian and Cherokee Cultures
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A 9 page comparison of these sometimes diverse yet sometimes astonishingly similar cultures. The author of this paper defines the geographic range encompassed by the Appalachians and the unique peoples who presently live there. The author notes that this range was once the homelands of the Cherokee Indians. Specific details are provided on the cultural organization of these two groups, as well as their subsistence patterns, and information about their material culture. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: PPapala2.rtf

A COMPARISON OF THE CARIBBEAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN CULTURES
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This 4 page paper discusses the similarities and differences between the history of the Caribbean and Central America. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBcompcar.rtf

A Consideration of “Aboriginality”
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A 5 page paper in which the author approaches the term “aboriginality” with the contention that the term has been defined not only by the Aboriginal peoples themselves but by those cultures who invaded Australian shores and ultimately came to dominate the land and the people. The problem which is inherent in an English definition of “aboriginality” is that such definitions typically fail to take into account the fact that aboriginal culture, like all cultures, is an ever-evolving phenomena. An equally important problem results in that the definition of the term “aboriginality” tends to continually evolve in accordance with the degree of economic and political pressure the aborigine peoples represent to the dominant culture. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PPabo1.rtf

A Critical Analysis: 'Growing Up In New Guinea' By Margaret Mead
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A 5 page research paper on the book 'Growing Up in New Guinea,' by Margaret Mead. This paper offers a critical analysis of Mead's study of child development and overall society of the Manus people living on the Admiralty Islands located in the Western Pacific Ocean. A critique is presented focusing on the research methods and design of Mead's study done during 1928-1929. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Growup2.wps

A Discussion of Death: Cultural Variation and the Obligations of the Living
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A 4 page contention that death is a process, a process in which the dying terminate their societal obligations but in which family members often incur obligations in the form of family vigilance. These obligations have varied, however, over time and culture. In many aspects of our modern society death has become more of a clinical topic than a personal and spiritual one. To more traditional societies, however, the process of death is one in which family members not only are expected to but want to provide the structure which they feel best allows their loved one to transition from the physical world to the living world. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPdeath4.rtf

A Discussion of Umberto Eco’s Argument that All of Social Life is a Sign System
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A 2 page overview of several observations of the universal nature of facial expression which support Eco’s argument. Reviews the related work of Farit Emil, Paul Ekman, and Deborah Blum. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPantSym.wps

A HISTORY OF WORLD SOCIETIES
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This 6 page paper compares and contrasts the cultures and civilizations of: Africans, Pre-Columbians, Asian, Islamic peoples. Examples, features, history examined. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MBmckay.rtf

A Multicultural View of America
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A 14 page contention that contemporary America has set the stage in terms of providing an example to the world of a multicultural country. The author of this paper provides observations on how the various fractions that compose our country interrelate. These observations are provided first from an academic approach, relying on the sociological and anthropological literature, then from a humanistic perspective relying on the popular literature. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: PPmultic.rtf

A Music Ethnography Of the Bluegrass Group 'Intermountain Acoustics'
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An 8 page paper discussing a group of five musicians who form 'Intermountain Acoustics,' a bluegrass group. Consists of notes and observations.
Filename: Blueg.wps

A Proposal for Additional Archaeological Excavation in Jerusalem
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A 5 page contention that the modern era of the nineteenth and twentieth century have by many accounts waged more damage on Jerusalem than the city has incurred at any point in her pre-modern history. Much of this damage relates to the perception of the religious importance of the city. It is an insult which is deserved of a deliberate archaeological effort to clarify that indeed Jerusalem was, and is, one of the most important religious shrines on earth. This paper proposes additional excavation in Jerusalem which is designed to demonstrate that the Bible, despite growing perceptions to the contrary, is an accurate historical record and not just the myth of which some would prefer it be comprised. A brief budget is proposed based on a fictional $1,000,000 grant. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: PParchPr.rtf

A Qualitative Analysis of the Social Environment at a McDonald's
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5 pages in length. The writer analytically discusses the social environment and atmosphere in a typical Mc Donald's fast food restaurant. Qualitative research on social environments is included as well. Bibliography lists 1 source.
Filename: Qualanal.wps

A Social History Of The Deaf
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This 5 page paper provides an overview of deaf culture. The history of how the deaf have been educated in the U.S. is explored. The controversy over inclusion is discussed. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: Deafhist.wps

A Study of Gulru Necipoglu’s Article “The Life of an Imperial Monument: Hagia Sophia after Byzantium”: Summary and Critique
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This is a 10 page paper discussing Gulru Necipoglu’s article “The Life of an Imperial Monument: Hagia Sophia after Byzantium”. Gulru Necipoglu’s article “The Life of an Imperial Monument: Hagia Sophia after Byzantium” highlights many of the cultural and historical aspects of Hagia Sophia since Mehmed II’s conquest of Constantinople in 1453. Necipoglu comments that her purpose for the article is to fill in many of the details which have been missed in other works relating to the transition Hagia Sophia has undergone within its last 451 years. While Necipoglu does have a great deal of professional knowledge in the field of architecture and especially that within the Islamic world, Necipoglu’s article actually emphasizes the cultural and religious significance and changes within Hagia Sophia and of the architectural changes which accompany these transitions. Her emphasis is on the cultural and religious flexibility of Hagia Sophia and not only how it accommodated the transition from being The Great Church in Christianity to becoming the great Ayasofya mosque in the Muslim world but also she reveals many of the myths which were created in order to support its growing importance in the Islamic world. While it may seem that a great many of the historical and architectural details are absent from Necipoglu’s article which preceded Byzantium, the article appears within a larger text on Hagia Sophia and its placement near the end provides a good contextual finish to the text of a monument which has undergone a great deal of architectural, cultural and religious renovation and change. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TJNecip1.rtf

A Summary of Four Articles in the Social Sciences and Cultural Studies by Bakhtari, Curtis, Littlejohn and Lont
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This is a 4 page paper summarizing four articles within the social sciences and cultural studies. Articles by Hassan Bakhtari, Sue Ann Curtis, Stephen Littlejohn and Cynthia Lont discuss various concerns within the area of social science and cultural studies. Bakhtari addresses the difference found in management styles between Middle Eastern immigrant managers in the U.S. and U.S.-born managers which are shown to be significant. Curtis addresses concerns in regards to consideration of North American tribes’ relationship and well-being to the land on which they live and how this can be affected by federal projects which involve dangerous and hazardous waste in those same areas. Littlejohn and Lont address slightly different concerns in social science: Littlejohn reveals the trend toward deceptive reporting in the discipline of social science and asks for alternative methods; whereas, Lont describes some of the interchangeable terms used in subcultural studies in which the entire process is best described as “persistence”. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: TJcultb1.rtf

ABORIGINAL CREATION MYTHS OF AUSTRALIA
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This 5 page paper gives a quick summary of the creation myth of the Aboriginal people in Australia and then examples how this story portrays the various belief and value system of that culture.Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: MBabmyth.rtf

Abuse in the Aboriginal Residential Schools in Canada & The Mushkegowuk Cree of Fort Albany, Ontario
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This is a 10 page paper discussing abuse in Aboriginal residential schools in Canada and in particular that in Fort Albany, Ontario. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in Canada, the federal government in partnership with a number of religious organizations ran over 130 “residential schools” for Aboriginals. Originally intended to promote the assimilation of the Aboriginal people within white society, by the time the majority of the schools closed in the 1960s and 1970s, it soon became obvious that in addition to religion and education being promoted within the schools, so too was a horrific amount of physical and sexual abuse being performed. Generations of Aboriginals who passed through the schools have suffered a great deal from the abuse and are trying within their own communities to heal from their ordeals. The federal government in addition to providing funding to aid in the healing programs has also released a formal Statement of Reconciliation and several actions plans for the communities. The Mushkegowuk Cree of Fort Albany, Ontario is one such community affected by the horrors experienced in their residential school. Ste. Anne’s residential school in Fort Albany run by the Roman Catholic diocese has not only be accused of hundreds of cases of physical and sexual abuse but was also known for its use of a home-made electric chair with which it punished and tortured its students. In addition to a number of legal claims against those who ran the school, the community has also undergone a recent rejuvenation process which has included the renovation of the old school in addition to the building of a new educational complex where the children do not have to leave their families for their education; one of the many needed steps for healing. Some tutorial language is used throughout and inserted with square brackets to assist the customer with the writing process. Bibliography lists 10 sources.
Filename: TJMCree1.rtf

African American Religious Beliefs On Death And Dying
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This 10 page paper discusses religious beliefs and cultural customs regarding death and dying among the African American population. First, it would be wrong to lump all African Americans together and assume they all share the same religious and cultural beliefs and use the same procedures when it comes to death and dying. That would be a gross stereotypical conclusion. There are a multitude of variables that influence any family's beliefs and customs. This essay reports the comments and discussions of a number of persons who belong to this racial community and/or who have studied the topics. There are some core beliefs that may be practiced by many of the black population, such as spirituality, the circle of life and the collective decision making process. These are explained and discussed. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PGblkd.rtf

African Marriage Customs
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A 5 page research paper that explores different customs in practice. Lobola, bridewealth and customary laws are discussed and specific examples given from the Turkana people. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Afrmcust.wps

African Mythology: The Influences and the Commonalities
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A 10 page overview of the many factors which have affected the African oral tradition. Definitions of such critical terms as mythology and culture are provided in a discussion of the manner in which oral tradition has changed over time. The influence on Europeans in bother altering oral tradition and misinterpreting it is noted and a brief review of the common elements found in many African stories is provided. Bibliography lists 7 sources.
Filename: PPafrMyt.rtf

Agricultural and Architectural: Commonalities of Locorotonda, Bari, Italy & the Amish of Pennsylvania
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(5pp) . It is easy to look at differences, whether they are between people or trees. It is more challenging to look for the elements that could be shared. Or we might also search for similar factors, or basic conditions that prompt the similarities. This discussion will examine two diverse groups of people and find that a connection to the land through architecture, and the unique buildings they put on the land, has kept two groups, miles apart in a similar comparison circle. First we shall consider the residents of Locorontonda, Bari Provence, in the boot-heel of Italy. Then we shall look at the Amish of Pennsylvania Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: BBitamsh.doc

Alland & Sutton/ Using History
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A 5 page research paper that examines two books: David E. Sutton's Memories Cast in Stone: The Relevance of the Past in Everyday Life and Alexander and Sonia Alland's Crisis and Commitment: The Life History of a French Social Movement. Each book shows how the people use their history as a guide and an inspiration for coping with current crisis. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khaa&s.wps

Alternative Perspectives
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Learning about the world includes learning about what has been 'left out' because of the current interpretation of cultural importance. This 10 page paper explores a few of the alternative concepts to what is commonly believed in today's world. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
Filename: KTaideas.wps

Altruism & Proving The Theory of Kin Selection
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A 4 page analytical examination of animal / insect altruism and the theory of kin selection first presented in the 1960's by Dr. W. Hamilton. The writer evidences the validity of kin selection through a discussion of honeybees, spadefoot tadpoles, etc; Good case examples are provided and excellent biological reference is included. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: Kinselec.wps

Alzheimer's And Cultural Anthropology
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7 pages in length. Within the fundamental framework of human culture exists a dichotomy of anthropological applications that ultimately form man's existence and outlook. These divergent elements help bring to light the very essence of what it means to be part of a particular society based solely upon one's cultural understanding. It is important for the one to understand that there exist myriad philosophies by which people live their lives. These philosophies help maintain order and a sense of direction that otherwise would merely drift in subconscious thought, which also helps to apply a modicum of understanding to the concept of meaning. These fundamental principles of cultural anthropology provide the concepts of how people incorporate certain occurrences throughout their daily existence. The relationship that exists between Alzheimer's and cultural anthropology clearly illustrates the manner by which one's physical existence is often dependent upon the constricting components of culture. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: TLCalzh.wps

America Is No Longer A Melting Pot
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5 pages in length. It has long been said that the United States of America is a vast melting pot of various races, religions and heritages that make it one of the most culturally diverse populations in all the world. This blending of such culture has been credited with bringing societies closer together and allowing people to understand and accept other lifestyles other than their own. The writer discusses why this is no longer true; that while America may still house the greatest variety of peoples, it is no longer an educational or cultural melting pot. No additional sources cited.
Filename: Meltpot3.wps

American Culture/The Changing South
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A 6 page essay that draws on an essay, "What is Happiness?" by John Ciardi. The writer argues that "happiness" has always been part of the American Dream. However, as John Ciardi in his essay "What is Happiness?" points out, this term has proven difficult to define. At one point in the culture of the Southeast, "happiness" was equated with the perpetuation of a culture that was seriously flawed. In the nineteenth century, southeastern portion of the United States had a distinctive culture that differentiated it from the rest of the country. The writer outlines some of the characteristics of Southern culture and relates this to Ciardi's essay. No additional sources cited.
Filename: khamclso.rtf

An Anthropological View of Ghosts
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This 6 page paper uses a case study of possession as a springboard for discussion. Ghosts in society as well as religion are issues of focus. Bibliography lists 5 sources.
Filename: SA712gst.rtf

An Anthropological View of Oscar Lewis’ “The Children of Sanchez: Autobiography of a Mexican Family”
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A 5 page overview of the lives and circumstances of five members of a poor Mexican family in Mexico City in the 1960s. Plagued by poverty, the challenges of living in the corrupt and unpredictable environment of one of the world’s largest cities, and just the incredibly fragile relations which occur within a typical family, the Sanchez family walks on tedious grounds in most aspects of their daily lives. This paper examines the attitudes of each of the family members from an anthropological perspective and attempts to answer the question as to whether it is fate that shapes their lives or their own actions. The author also points out that Lewis’ anthropological method is now considered outdated and possibly even deleterious by contemporary anthropologists. No additional sources are listed.
Filename: PPsanchz.rtf

An Archaeological Investigation into Poverty Point: Native American Earthworks
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A 5 page paper exploring the societal importance of this massive series of prehistoric earthworks which overlook the Mississippi River swamplands in northeastern Louisiana. The author of this paper explores the construction techniques employed at the site and the problems which are encountered when archaeologists try to interpret its meaning. This paper contends that manner in which the earthworks at Poverty Point were constructed stands in testament to its tremendous importance to the people that built the site and the diverse material culture of the site indicates it was associated with a tremendous trade network. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: PPnaMnd2.rtf

An Interview with My Grandmother: Changes Through Time
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A 6 page discussion of the changes which have been experienced in family structure, technology, educational expectations, and society as a whole between the life of a woman born in the 1920s, her daughter, and her granddaughter. The author utilizes the views of her grandmother to illustrate the declining societal mores which characterize our contemporary world. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
Filename: PPeldBio.rtf

An Introduction to the Traditional Culture of the Creek Indians
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A 15 page discussion of the culture and social interaction which characterizes these Southeastern Native Americans. While the Creeks still maintain a distinctive culture today, their culture and social interactions (just as have those of all other Native American groups) have changed over time. This paper examines the Creeks as they were shortly after contact with Europeans and observes that, while their culture has changed in some respects, they remain a distinctive cultural group even today. Bibliography lists 15 sources.
Filename: PPnaCrk2.rtf

AN OVERVIEW OF CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
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This paper provides a definition and overview of cultural anthropology, as well as a comparison with other scientific disciplines. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: MTanthro.rtf

Analysis of a Margaret Mead Article
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This 3 page paper analyzes an article that Margaret Mead wrote, arguing that war is an invention. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: HVMgMead.rtf

Analysis of Three Articles about Kush History from the 25th Dynasty in Egypt until their Concentration in Meroe
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This is a 7 page paper discussing three articles on Kush history from the 25th dynasty in Egypt until their concentration in Meroe. The history of the Kush of Nubia is recounted in three articles by Helen Chapin Metz, Claude Rilly and Noah Kippley-Ogman. The Kush were concentrated in Nubia until the expansion of their strength and influence eventually led to them conquering Egypt around 750 B.C. and ruled during the 25th dynasty until approximately 656 B.C. At this time, they were invaded by the Assyrians which led to their retreat to Napata and eventually Meroe. Once concentrated in Meroe, the Kush became a major trading force based on their central location and production and trade of their own iron. Eventually however, the Kush became weakened through the exploitation of their own resources which led to the loss of their farming industry and the end of the Roman empire which reduced trade along their route. Meroe was eventually conquered by the Axumite army A.D. 350 thus ending their independence. Metz, Rilly and Kippley-Ogman provide slightly different perspectives, details and areas of concentration in their articles which provide readers with an overall history of the Kush but are not necessarily consistent in the details of each era of the Kush. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TJNubia1.rtf

Analytical and Ethnographical Observations of Herman Melville’s “Typee”
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A 5 page paper which evaluates, describes and responds to the text and its depiction of the culture of the South Sea Islands. Bibliography lists 3 sources.
Filename: TGtypee.rtf

Ancestry And Race Of Persons In The United States, 1990
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5 pages in length. When assessing the value of Table #5 with regard to racial and ethnic relations within the United States, one can readily comprehend a significant imbalance of cultural populations and their locations. Clearly, central cities and those near suburbs reflect the highest number of persons altogether, with the European white citizenry standing far more populated than all the rest. It comes as no surprise, then, to learn that white privilege serves as the primary racial and ethnic concern over and above most other issues of America's prejudice. No bibliography.
Filename: TLCrural.wps

Ancient civilisations
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A nine page paper which considers various aspects of ancient civilisations, including the transition from the Neolithic to the early Bronze period, the differences between the Egyptian and Indus cultures, and the relevance of ancient Greek thought to the modern intellectual world.
Filename: JLancciv.rtf

Ancient Cyprus
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This 10 page paper provides an overview of the ancient civilization and culture of the island of Cyprus. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Filename: Acyprus.wps

Ancient Egypt and Early Mesopotamia: Similarities in Structure and Rule
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A 3 page discussion of the governmental structure and rulers of these cultures. The author emphasizes the span of time covered by each and observes that the rulers were at the head of a strongly stratified system. This arrangement allowed these leaders to achieve great cultural accomplishments. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: PPegyRul.rtf

Ancient Egypt: Upper And Lower
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5 pages in length. For most of the prehistoric period, two distinct cultures emerged in ancient Egypt: Upper and Lower Egypt. When the student compares and contrasts social evolution in each of the two areas, he or she will find pertinence to primary environmental factors and how those factors might be considered both limiting and enabling in terms of socioeconomic development, as well as the importance of critical factors that contribute to the development of complex societies. Bibliography lists 2 sources.
Filename: TLCAncEg.rtf